ROH Indies combines human geography, history, behavioural ecology, and social psychology to study people-street dog interactions (or Indie dogs, as they are referred to in India), dog ecology, and rabies prevention in urban and rural India to understand why rabies persists as a public health problem in India. Our study’s significance lies in its departure from the singular emphasis on ‘stray’ dog control. For this, we incorporate local understandings of street dogs as part of society, and examine positive and negative dimensions of interspecies health in urban, rural, and peri-urban India. Our overarching aim is to advance decolonial concepts and practices for healthy multispecies societies.